- Fossils form in sedimentary rock when a dead organism is buried under layers of sediment and hardens into rock over time. - Scientists can use fossils to compare properties of organisms alive today with those that lived long ago. - A trace fossil is indirect evidence of a living organism, such as a footprint, burrow, or waste. - Sedimentary rocks form from weathered rock pieces and/or the remains of organisms that are deposited in layers and cemented together. - Fossil evidence provides clues about the environment in which organisms lived. - Most fossils are found in the layers of sedimentary rock. - Fossils provide evidence of organisms that lived long ago but have become extinct. - Fossils provide evidence about the properties of organisms that lived long ago. - An example of animals that became extinct are the dinosaurs. - Fossils are the remains or traces of living organisms that lived a long time ago. - Fossil evidence provides clues about how Earth’s landscape has changed over time. - Dead organisms can be preserved as fossils in sap, ice, or tar. - Some extinct species look similar to species that exist today. - Extinction occurs when all of the members of a species die.

- Rock strata are layers of sedimentary and volcanic rock that have been deposited on top of each other on Earth's surface. - The principle of superposition states that younger layers of rock form on top of older layers. - Geologists can determine the relative age of sedimentary rock by the fossils existing in that rock. - Absolute age dating determines the precise age or timespan of sedimentary rock. - Uniformitarianism is the concept that the Earth's processes behave in the same way now as they did throughout history. - Relative age dating determines whether sedimentary rocks are older or younger relative to other layers. - Fossils are physical evidence for formerly living things. - Rock strata and fossils provide evidence for relative, not absolute, dating of rocks and/or events. - The fossil record documents the existence and change of many life forms on Earth throughout history.

- Understand subtraction of fractions as joining parts referring to the same whole. - Understand addition of fractions as joining parts referring to the same whole. - When fractions are greater than one they are still a sum of unit fractions (ex: 5/4 = 5 x ¼ = 1 ¼ )

- Use nets to find the surface area of three dimensional shapes in mathematical context. - Use nets to find the surface area of three dimensional shapes in real world contexts. - Analyze and compose and decompose polyhedral solids.

- Almost all animals can learn. - The environment in which an organism lives can affect how its inherited traits are expressed. - Learned behaviors are behaviors that an organism develops from life experiences and practice. - Learned experiences can change animal behavior and affect animal traits as they develop. - Instincts are behaviors that an organism inherits. - Many characteristics of plants and animals involve both inheritance and environment. - Food, temperature, sunlight, and water are examples of environmental factors that can affect an organism’s traits. - Some behaviors are instinctual while others are learned. - A trait is a characteristic of an organism. - Some examples of traits in plants and animals are size, color, texture, shape, and patterns. - Plants and animals inherit genetic information from their parents. - An instinctual response is a behavior that an animal does automatically without thinking about it. - Learned behaviors are more flexible and adaptable than instincts. - The genetic information that plants and animals inherit determines many of their traits.