- Amplitude is half the distance between the trough and peak of a wave. - Different electromagnetic waves are defined by frequency and wavelength. - Red light has the longest wavelength/lowest frequency of visible light. - Electromagnetic waves travel at different speeds as they transmit through different types of matter. - Wavelength is the distance between two peaks of a wave. - Wave speed is the distance a wave travels over a particular amount of time. - Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its energy. - The shorter the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave, the higher its frequency. - Frequency is the number of waves that pass a point in a particular amount of time. - Visible light includes all of the colors of the rainbow. - Electromagnetic waves can transmit through a vacuum. - Intensity of light decreases with distance from its source. - Short wavelength electromagnetic waves have high frequencies. - Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. In a light wave, greater amplitude corresponds to greater intensity and brightness. - Long wavelength electromagnetic waves have low frequencies. - Some sources of light emit different frequencies/wavelengths of light. - Violet light has the shortest wavelength/highest frequency of visible light. - Transverse waves cause matter to move perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels. - Light is the transfer of energy via electromagnetic waves.

- A force is a vector quantity with magnitude and direction. - When two objects are in direct contact, they exert a contact force on one another. - Newton's Third Law states that if object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal and opposite force on object A. - Action-reaction forces do not balance each other out because they act on different objects. - Action-reaction forces can be observed in many common applications. - A force is a push or pull on an object.

- Finding unit rate in constant speed and unit price consists of dividing to find the cost of 1 unit or the constant speed of one unit (If 3lbs of peanuts are 12 dollars what is the cost of 1lb? 12/3 = 4 dollars per lb). (If Mark can paint 6 fences in 2 hrs how many did he paint in 1hr? 6/2 = 3 fences). - Unit Rate reasoning can be used to compare rates of speed and price (which item is cheaper if one cost $4 for 3oz and the other is $7 for 5oz?), (Who is faster at stacking shelves if Henry stacked 10 shelves in 3 hrs and Rowan stacked 15 shelves in 4 hrs?). - The unit rate is a comparison and does not refer to the units (cups, feet, secs etc.). The unit rate shows the relationship to 1, “for each 1” or “for every 1.” - Ratios have associated rates that relate to the unit ratio (5 feet in 3 seconds has a rate of 5/3 feet for every 1 second). - Ratios are expressed as “for each” and “per” Special attention to the correct placement of units is key. - Ratios can have the same units (ratios) or different units (rates). The term Ratio can be used for same and different units as well.

- According to the law of conservation of mass, atoms may be rearranged during a chemical reaction, but they are not created or destroyed. - During a chemical reaction, atoms within a substance can be rearranged. - During a chemical reaction, atomic bonds are broken and/or formed. - If mass appears to be lost in a chemical reaction, it is likely to have been released as a gas. - Reactants are substances present before a chemical reaction takes place. - During a chemical reaction, the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants. - Products are substances present after a chemical reaction takes place. - In a balanced chemical equation, the total number of each type of atom in the reactants is equal to the total number of each type of atom in the products. - Atoms of an element have a specific mass known as atomic mass.

- Products are substances present after a chemical reaction takes place. - During a chemical reaction, a new substance is formed with different physical properties. - During a chemical reaction, atoms within a substance can be rearranged. - A chemical formula represents the number of atoms of each element in a compound. - During a chemical reaction, atomic bonds are broken and/or formed. - Reactants are substances present before a chemical reaction takes place. - Synthetic materials are made from natural resources that have undergone a chemical reaction. - It is important to adhere to safety precautions during chemical experiments.